Marketing Plan for Travelodg

Question: Portray about promoting procedures of Travelodge? Answer: Presentation: Travelodge is a privately owned business, which works in the lodging business all through the United Kingdom. Travelodge is positioned the second biggest in the economy inn segment and it is additionally the third biggest inn as far as rooms it has. Travelodge has 31,600 rooms in its lodging according to the information until 2010. The United States activity and the United Kingdom of Travelodge have separate tasks. In 1980, Lord Forte got it and again opened a branch in Britain. It possesses 380 branches in United Kingdom, Ireland, and in Spain. The lodgings altogether have 20,000 rooms because of which it has become the third biggest inn networks in the United Kingdom. It has a worker number of 5500. The organization asserts that 16.5 million guests remained in their inns in the previous year. Generally all the reservations are done through online mode. Circumstance investigation: The circumstance investigation of Travelodge will incorporate an explanatory investigation of its Micro and Macro condition. Circumstance investigation will likewise uncover the inward and administration depiction. Out of all the showcasing blend item, place, value, advancement Travelodge stresses on cost. It has accomplished market administration simply because of this factor of estimating (Clow Baack, 2012). Full scale condition: 1. Monetary: Travelodge is a spending lodging with numerous offices like a 3 star inns. This is profiting the organization. The economy can have a little effect regardless of whether the economy is at emergency, Travelodge is sure to make profits.2. Ecological: The organization has confronted numerous grievances as being non-condition agreeable. In the year 2007, the Hotel was additionally punished for adding to air contamination by radiating carbon by over the top use of forced air systems in the lodgings. The organization needs to make certain strides with respect to this. This can be gone before by being mindful in their vitality utilization (Dahlstrom, 2011).3. Mechanical: The adjustment in innovation doesn't bigly affect the organization as it isn't and IT empowered organization. The innovation that they are utilizing is simply by utilizing workstations, PC, and the courtesies in the rooms (Kotabe Helsen, 2011).4. Political: The representatives in the business are requesting a f ew changes in the working conditions, insurance of the workers and enactments yet Travelodge has a lower pace of turnover and the workers are increasingly faithful to the client. The world of politics influences the business associations. Travelodge will be influenced by the enactments taken by the Government. The political variables influence the matter of the inn business. Be that as it may, UK is a moderately free market economy and the Government measures are supportive of the private area. The political variables are ideal for the development of Travelodge. Anyway the presentation of Digital Economy Act of 2010, the parliament has acquainted a few measures with decrease the criminal operations utilizing web. This may place the inn business in a disadvantageous circumstance as a large portion of the inns offer web association liberated from cost to the customers. Miniaturized scale Environment: 1. Clients: Travelodge has an extremely extensive rundown of glad and fulfilled clients. It offers a wide scope of bundles for its rooms. They additionally advance their offices of accessible rooms with advantageous booking system.2. Rivalry: Despite of the precarious idea of the economy, Travelodge has kept up itself to be one of the major monetary lodgings in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It has organization with numerous different firms like the Diners club, Virgin wines and so forth which gives the clients limits and this is the thing that separates it from its rivals and gives it an edge over them.3. Representatives: The Company has a decent line of working experts. The center level workers are generally from cordiality foundation. The effectiveness of their workers has taken the organization to this stature (Kotler Keller, 2012).4. Publics: Travelodge has a total site, which is a mode for their advertising. On the site, Travelodge advances their administrations, data of their Green program so as to turn into an earth agreeable organization (Kotler Keller, 2012). SWOT Analysis: Quality: 1. The rooms are moderate and in great condition which draws in clients without any problem. These reasonable costs are its primary showcasing procedures. These procedures draw in the clients consistently. The organization asserts that around 16 million individuals remain in the Travelodge inns each year.2. It offers its Business account card for its business voyagers and it offers advantageous and quick reserving to them (Sheehan, 2011).3. The organization is additionally dedicated towards keeping up a spotless and sound condition. Travelodge has spent a measure of 25 million on commercial to rouse the individuals of Britain to keep up a solid situation (Dines, 2014). Shortcoming: 1. Travelodge doesn't furnish its clients with room administration, doorman administration or an attendant service. This is a deficiency of a spending plan hotel.2. The lodgings are not perfect for gatherings or capacities. They are normally explorers arranged and don't center to expand.3. The inns are not all that all around enriched and tasteful. This is on the grounds that the rents are less. This doesn't imply that the inns are squalid. They are very much outfitted and forward-thinking. Dangers: 1. There are other financial inns too with better offices at a similar expense in Britain. The clients can get pulled in to those lodgings as well. The opposition is excessively high in the industry.2. Travelodge has a picture to oblige clients with less spending plans however the economy is drifting upwards and individuals are winning more which thusly has made them lease great and rich lodgings. This can be a danger to the organization.3. The organization concentrates just on the voyagers with low financial plan and less remain. They don't have any designs to extend the idea of the business. They would prefer not to enhance or change the idea of the administrations. Openings: 1. The organization can grow in abroad. They are focussed just in the U.K/Ireland. They should attempt to concentrate on other European market on the grounds that the voyagers from all round the globe stay with different nations in Europe.2. Despite the fact that, the organization has numerous associations with different firms yet in growing such relations the firm won't lose anything. It would be entirely gainful for the organization to extend its association with different firms. Contenders investigation of Travelodge, Premier Inn, Holiday Inn: Travelodge is the second biggest inn network in the United Kingdom. Head hotel is its first and Holiday motel is the second huge contender. Travelodge has inventive administrations. The low and reasonable costs are its principle promoting technique. It fulfills its clients by giving great incentive to the cash that they put in Travelodge (Travelodge.co.uk, 2015). Head motel likewise has a similar scope of administrations at similar costs however notwithstanding that, Premier hotel additionally designs trips for it remote vacationers which neither Travelodge nor Holiday hotel accomplishes for its clients. The recurrence of ads of Premier hotel and Holiday motel are likewise more than Travelodge. Be that as it may, Travelodge make exceptionally alluring and client arranged promotions The contender investigation should be possible by utilizing the Porters model. The level of contention The competition and rivalry is furious in the inn business in UK. Travelodge gets intense rivalry from Premier Inn, Holiday Inn and other inn networks in UK. Travelodge has been contending with them for significant stretch. Danger of passage Travelodge has been in the lodging business for quite a long while. Despite the fact that the inn business in UK is a rewarding business, it is extreme for the new inn networks to set up themselves. Another participant won't have the option to set up themselves as large players. Danger of substitutes Travelodge utilizes recreational vehicles so as to build up itself in the inn area in UK. Be that as it may, Travelodge faces the danger from the substitutes. The clients may scan for less expensive other options. Be that as it may, Travelodge offers elevated requirement administration at modest costs. Along these lines the danger of substitute is low. Purchaser power The intensity of the purchaser is low in Travelodge since it offers convenience at modest costs. Hence the dealing intensity of the purchaser is less as they are happy with the valuing system of Travelodge (Grundy, 2006). Provider power - The intensity of the provider in the lodging business is low as the provider don't have self-sufficiency. There are enormous quantities of providers and there is huge rivalry among the providers so the haggling power is low (Karagiannopoulos, Georgopoulos and Nikolopoulos, 2005). Promoting systems of Travelodge: The showcasing system of Travelodge chiefly centers around advancement of its primary highlights and specialities. The organization centers around great offices at entirely reasonable and low costs. This draws in the voyagers since they give great offices at a modest rate. The advancement of its modest rates has made it conceivable to draw in remote visitors as well. There are different inns too with same offices and costs however separates it from them are its advancement exercises and client connections. The relationship with the clients makes the excursion paramount for the visitors (Travelodge.com, 2015). The 7 Ps of advertising model can be utilized to break down the showcasing procedures of Travelodge. Item The need of the clients can be met by offering significant items to the clients. Travelodge can expand the quantity of rooms accessible as of now for the clients so as to deliver to their requirements. They have wanted to open new chains of lodgings across UK so as to meet the desires for the clients. Computerized correspondence can be presented by Travelodge so the clients can book a seat in the eatery with a solitary snap utilizing the assistance of advanced media. For this reason the site of Travelodge must be created. The site should show the essential data with respect to the boo

Consultant Recommendations World Cup Brazil 2014 Essay Example for Free

Advisor Recommendations World Cup Brazil 2014 Essay Presentation: Game the travel industry is a noteworthy piece of the travel industry, which remarkably affects numerous angles to the facilitating area of the occasion. The Olympic games and the world cup have a long history since the Roman Empire, be that as it may; those super occasions have set up new advancements in which they have improved the travel industry relying upon their topography. This paper will dissect the World Cup occasion that will be held in Brazil this year and will show it’s Strength, shortcomings, Opportunities, and dangers so as to finish up a gainful proposals that can make the nation having a fruitful occasion. Outline: Brazil is the biggest nation in South America; the populace is roughly 200,000,000 individuals with a tropical atmosphere. The nation is socially rich and notable of their enthusiasm to Football as thy won the World Cup multiple times in their history. Qualities: Brazil’s economy is blasting and the cash that is been created is being put resources into foundation and ventures for what's to come. Air terminals are being improved, streets are being assembled and open transportation extended. New lodgings are being developed and an ever increasing number of individuals are being utilized and prepared to deal with the inundation of sightseers in the coming years. Additionally, close to the riches in culture Brazil can offer to its traveler a heavenly regular delight beginning from the Amazon wilderness, Amazon River, and numerous other tropical rainforests, which uncovered an assortment of creature animal groups. In addition, it additionally offers white sand sea shores and bayous that line the expense. Thus, voyagers who will visit the locale to watch the World Cup will have the chance to investigate different parts of the nation that will upgrade their experience and advance the goal much after the game occasions. Shortcomings: As per FIFA president Sepp Blatter, the nation was furnished with 7 years groundwork for the World Cup, which considered the longest period gave to a nation to get ready for the occasion. However, it likewise considered the least fortunate readiness as per Sepp. (Rumsby, B. 2014). He sees the arrangement as less proficient than the South Africa readiness in 2010 that made their incomes without any preparation. The framework and the open vehicle framework in the nation are not in an exclusive requirement in many territories. Another significant worry to the administration of Brazil and the vacationer around the globe, who need to go to the occasions, is the horror rate in the class of burglary, assault, extortion, and private robberies. â€Å"There is critical and supported composed crime all through Brazil, particularly in major cities†(Brazil Crime and Safety Report, 2013). Neediness additionally is a significant infer for wrongdoing and the expansion of medication addicts in Brazil. The shortcomings could be summed up into the moderate arrangement (building arenas), foundation, crime percentage, and destitution. Openings: Other than the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Brazil will likewise have the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. These game occasions will carry endless the travel industry chances to Brazil. As indicated by Whether it be a development venture for the Olympic offices, or a business that benefits in a roundabout way, for example, a lodging or a property found close by, these significant game occasions will offer open doors for pretty much every kind of business person and financial specialist to make a sound return (Brazil. Place that is known for the Future, Para 2). Brazil will go through cash to creating foundation, wellbeing focuses, transportation offices and different parts of neighborliness. An expanding number of visitors will be pulled in by the World Cup and come to Brazil to travel. In this manner, the World Cup in Brazil is making an immense number of employments in the travel industry, since it requires an enormous number of volunteers and laborers to enable the World cup to succeed. More va cationers likewise can developâ the financial of Brazil and increment the pay for laborers. The World Cup can draw in much venture to Brazil that can help the business openings. â€Å"It is evaluated that the world cup in 2014 will produce more than R$ 140bi to the Brazilian economy, among immediate and aberrant speculations. (Worldwide Intelligence Alliance, Para 4). That implies these speculations from remote financial specialists can help the monetary development of Brazil. Dangers: In Brazil individuals showed their displeasure by having a mass dissent in various urban communities whining about the significant expense of living, low nature of training, and the significant expense of transportation (CNN, 2013, para.8). Mobs in Brazil raises dread of moving the occasion to the United Stated for security way. There are numerous Brazilian supporters to the occasion to be built up in their nation. Then again, some restriction emerges and accepting the world media inclusion as a bit of leeway to raise their interests about the million of dollars being spent on the cup as opposed to contributing it on wellbeing, instruction, transportation, and lodging. As per BBC news there was 2,500 individuals in Sao Paulo who went to the boulevards and griped about the expense of arranging the World Cup in Brazil (BBC NEWS, 2014). Suggestion: Taking everything into account, the travel industry during games is predominantly formed by financial, framework, super structure, and political parts. They could have either positive or potentially negative results dependent upon the area. The travel industry lack of education ought to be annihilated by bringing issues to light of the advantages of the income of the travel industry. It might require some investment and exertion to teach the individuals about the travel industry sway on their day by day life, yet the achievement of conveying the message is commendable because of its future advantages. Brazil isn't the main nation who had revolts before a game occasion, it occurred before in London before the Olympics games, and the figured out how to have a fruitful event(Duarte, F. 2013). We strongly suggest the power and individuals in Brazil to push ahead with their occasion facilitating plan and not stop in the most of the way of making an occasion that will print a positive effe ct about Brazil to the remainder of the world. References Montague, J. (Jul19, 2013). CNN. World Cup just advantages outcasts, state Brazil dissenters, Retrieved from: http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/18/world/americas/brazil-fights montague/index.html Rumsby, B. (Jan 06, 2014). World Cup 2014: No nation has ever been so a long ways behind in arrangements as Brazil, says Sepp Blatter. Recovered from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10553002/World-Cup-2014-No-nation has-ever-been-so-a long ways behind-in-arrangements as-Brazil-says-Sepp-Blatter.html Ford, P. D. (2014). OSAC. Brazil 2013 Crime and Safety Report: Rio de Janeiro. Recovered from: https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=13966 Whibley, J. (August 13, 2013). Brazil Expects World Cup to Bring R$25b. Recovered from: http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/brazil-anticipates that world-cup-should bring-r25-billion/# Duarte, F. (Jul 04, 2013). Futebol Brasil. Manage it: Brazil will have the World Cup. Recovered from: http://espnfc.com/blog/_/na me/futebolbrasil/id/317?cc=5901 Brazil. Place that is known for the Future, 2014. Recovered from: http://www.brazil-future.com/home/2014-brazil-fifa-world-cup-and-the-2016-rio-olympic-games/Global Intelligence Alliance. 2014 World Cup Opportunities Beckon Foreign Investors to Brazil, 2014. Recovered from: http://www.globalintelligence.com/ bits of knowledge/every one of the/2014-world-cup-openings beck on-remote speculators to-brazil

The Strategic Group Mapping Model Marketing Essay

The Strategic Group Mapping Model Marketing Essay With the end goal of this report, the industry of decision was the oat business. The grain business is exceptionally serious with various organizations going after an expanded piece of the pie. The oat business is affected by client spending and client way of life. As of late, shopper conduct has changed with clients turning out to be more wellbeing cognizant. Thus, business inside the oat business have presented new items and altered existing items to speak to wellbeing cognizant clients. In light of research direct, the accompanying patterns were distinguished inside the grain business: Purchaser conduct changes Wellbeing cognizant clients The primary organizations inside the oat business are Kelloggs, Nestlã ©, Weetabix, Flahavans and Odlums. Breakfast separated from being a need for breaking the quick, it is additionally observed as a social custom among most of societies around the world.â [1]â Three principle patterns rise up out of an examination of the business: Acquisitions, Automation and Consolidation. The idea of the grain business is oligopoly as there are only a couple of firms commanding the business. The key players were distinguished as Kelloggs, Origin Enterprises (Odlums), Nestle, Weetabix and Finegrove Holdings Ltd. (Flahavans).The breakfast oat industry can be isolated into two classifications; hot breakfast oats and Ready to Eat (RTE). The key drivers to work in this industry were recognized as: Reformulation of wholesome fixing, Product separation, Contracts for crude materials, Economies of Scale and Creative publicizing. The business in general has a bounty outer full scale condition factors which are unmistakably found in the PESTLE. Doormen five powers recognized medium hindrances to section, risk of replacements and provider power, however featured high purchaser power and serious contention. From utilizing vital mapping it was accentuated that players in the business modernized/changed their techniques to react to enter inclines in the business. From examining the five key players in the business, unmistakably all have comparative item enhancement, item advancement (Ansoff development grid) Strengths, shortcomings, openings and threats(SWOT Framework). Industry Landscape There were three key patterns found from the players in the grain business. Kelloggs have merged 42 business sites into one site so as to give a more clear brand character and to improve the client experience. Corresponding to mechanization, these players presently utilize mechanical propelled apparatus to help them underway and bundling. At last in May 2012, 60% of offers from the Weetabix Food Company have been gained by Chinas Bright Food Group while the staying 40% is claimed by Lion Capital. From these patterns, there are issues that influence these players, regarding market immersion and fluctuating costs for wheat and oats. These are potential dangers for this industry as detailed by Business Insights which states; grain items have arrived at a degree of immersion in numerous Western markets, so including worth and following buyer wants will be critical to fruitful product offerings. So as to battle this market immersion, organizations need to inquire about, comprehend and recognize buyers necessities. The fluctuating costs of oats and wheat could influence every business inside the oat business. The value variances are a consequence of troubles experienced during the developing occasional period. Rising costs because of expanding costs for coordinations and fixings are principally going to influence the morning meal grain industry and its key players later on. Grain items could be sourced comprehensively; nonetheless, there is a decrease in global oat creation because of climate conditionsâ [2]â . In the event that this proceeds, it could prompt grain costs raising and increments being passed down the dissemination channel. There is expanding pressure for new item advancement among the enterprises key players. This might expand piece of the overall industry and upgrade income for the specialty players, for example, Flahavans and Odlums, while permitting market pioneers, for example, Kelloggs the chance to keep littler organizations from getting market development. There is an expansion in wellbeing cognizant clients and later on, this may characterize the product offerings delivered by the key players. From the procurement of Weetabix, Bright Food Group has pledged to universally extend the Weetabix business by entering the developing breakfast grain advertise inside Asia. Changes to nourishment utilization designs inside Asia have brought about organizations entering Asian areas and offering nourishment and refreshments to purchasers. Broadly, the grain business is worth à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢ ¬200 million every year with a benefit between 40 45%. According to the present market position of these players, Kelloggs would be classed as the pioneer because of a 44% piece of the pie. With Nestle and Weetabix as the market adherents, these organizations have a sizeable piece of the overall industry and stay serious inside this industry. The specialty players, Flahavans and Odlums, are not as beneficial as contenders, especially Odlums who don't give a broad scope of items. Serious contentions could emerge between these industry players, as all contenders have comparative items focusing on comparable objective markets. The risk of substitutes is likewise an issue for these players; as there is an ascent in own image items, for example, Dunnes Stores and Tesco. These items are being acquainted into the market due with the changing customer ways of managing money. As this industry could be viewed as oligopolistic, the control over providers and purchaser might increment, anyway for the specialty players, the opposition could increase. For the most part the grain business targets family situated markets. Corresponding to Kelloggs and Nestle, they could be believed to target kids, as these players acquaint characters with their brands all together for the youngsters to be pulled in to these items. Weetabix, Flahavans and Odlums target develop crowds which can be believed to be under the family orientated market. For each key player, they should hold upper hand so as to support the market. The limit assets that any player ought to need to work inside this industry incorporate; fund, client reliability, brand mindfulness and a wide item run. Special assets, for example, Flahavans and Odlums, are especially centered around the Irish parts of the item. This includes the strategies for delivering the item and occupations that are made inside the nation. Irish purchasers are esteem driven, anyway Irish items are critical to these buyers. In earlier years, Kelloggss held an extremely prevailing situation inside the business, anyway this has changed significantly as more contenders have entered the market and have affected the benefit acquired by Kelloggs. In 2010, there was a net gain ascent of Kelloggss, which has since tumbled from $1.2 billion to $961 million and underlines an emotional reduction. In 2012, the offer cost of the business was unpredictable as it declined to $46.33 in July, anyway expanded to a satisfactory cost of roughly $60 in December. The size of Kelloggs diminishes the risk of a takeover happening and leaving the market would not be predictable for Kelloggs. Kelloggs utilization of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is at the front line when speaking with clients. This is profoundly clear in Give a youngster a morning meal battle propelled in October 2011 as this crusade featured the advantages of kids having breakfast. By featuring this crusade, it improved the open view of the organization. Money related reports discharged for 2012, delineated that the Nestle bunch in general had an effective monetary year. It shows an expansion in benefit for the year by $1.8 billion. The grain scope of the business is spoken to in this figure which shows a positive money related execution for Nestle. Already, Nestle has encountered a negative open picture; Nestlã © endeavors to occupy analysis of its infant nourishment advertising activitiesâ [3]â . Settle consistently endeavor to improve their CSR personality inside the eyes of the general population. Brilliant Food Group created incomes of around  £7.5 billion a year ago which demonstrates it has a huge asset base to extend the Weetabix brand into increasingly remote markets. The securing of Weetabix would demonstrate that there is a popularity for grain items all inclusive just as inside its current markets. The Weetabix brand has a long relationship with the British and Irish markets and has effectively mirrored a positive brand picture. In any case, the ongoing obtaining could have a positive and negative effect as it could be seen as the loss of another indigenous organization to an outside worldwide and may weaken the brand esteem. As Flahavans is an exclusive family worked business and like Weetabix, isn't recorded on any stock trade. Flahavans is a built up brand and holds most of the piece of the overall industry corresponding to hot grain breakfast in Ireland. This brand has a positive picture among Irish clients and helped the venture into business sectors, for example, the UK and US. Flahavans is related with Bord Bia and frameworks the dietary benefit of eating porridge as a feature of a solid adjusted eating regimen. As the business is glad for its legacy and is a little player inside the business, the chance of a procurement might be ugly to a set up player. Odlums is a piece of the Origin Enterprise Group, which is recorded on the Irish Stock Exchange and encountered an expanded offer cost inside the most recent year. The Odlums brand is notable inside Ireland, fundamentally for their preparing items. It could be seen that the open have less acknowledgment for the porridge go. The brand picture is seen emphatically and is additionally connected with Bord Bia. Inside

National Defence Essay - 275 Words

National Defence (Essay Sample) Content: Your NameCourse titlePeriodDecreased spending for national defenseNational defense is an arm of the government whose mandate is to maintain peace through guarding the state from both external and internal conflicts and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s the most important part of the government. Majority of the states spent more than 20 percent of their budget on national defense (Plumber, 2013). Cutting of defense budget has dire consequences taking into account that the world is more dangerous than it was before.This would mean buying fewer new combat platforms and upgrade of the existing ones would cease to exist (Bennett, 2013). This means investment programs in the defense department will be disrupted and with time it will cost the tax payer more to rectify contract breaches, to raise unit cost and delay delivery of important equipment.The defense will be unable to accomplish some mission (Bennett, 2013). This is because the limited budget will cause cancellation of the purchased ma chinery which the state purchases annually and this will reduce the modernization of defense. The training department would be affected in that the future generation equipment would not be purchased thus making the military to be dragged behind with the latest technology advancement thus making the state to be prone to attackers who have more advanced technology equipment.According to McGarry (2014), decrease spending on national defense means limiting annual pay rise, reducing housing allowance and cutting off subsidies of the national defense team. This will negatively affect the workers and will demoralize them as they carry on with their daily chores.Decreased spending for national defense can be disastrous taking into account the above discussed points. Any state which plans to cut down the budget has to consider various factors before coming up with a conclusion as it may have serious consequences to the whole state if a decision is made in a hurry or without considering var ious factors.... National Defence Essay - 275 Words National Defence (Essay Sample) Content: Your NameCourse titlePeriodDecreased spending for national defenseNational defense is an arm of the government whose mandate is to maintain peace through guarding the state from both external and internal conflicts and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s the most important part of the government. Majority of the states spent more than 20 percent of their budget on national defense (Plumber, 2013). Cutting of defense budget has dire consequences taking into account that the world is more dangerous than it was before.This would mean buying fewer new combat platforms and upgrade of the existing ones would cease to exist (Bennett, 2013). This means investment programs in the defense department will be disrupted and with time it will cost the tax payer more to rectify contract breaches, to raise unit cost and delay delivery of important equipment.The defense will be unable to accomplish some mission (Bennett, 2013). This is because the limited budget will cause cancellation of the purchased ma chinery which the state purchases annually and this will reduce the modernization of defense. The training department would be affected in that the future generation equipment would not be purchased thus making the military to be dragged behind with the latest technology advancement thus making the state to be prone to attackers who have more advanced technology equipment.According to McGarry (2014), decrease spending on national defense means limiting annual pay rise, reducing housing allowance and cutting off subsidies of the national defense team. This will negatively affect the workers and will demoralize them as they carry on with their daily chores.Decreased spending for national defense can be disastrous taking into account the above discussed points. Any state which plans to cut down the budget has to consider various factors before coming up with a conclusion as it may have serious consequences to the whole state if a decision is made in a hurry or without considering var ious factors....

Living an Authentic Life - 1011 Words

Name: Quoc Tran English 2403: World Literature Section: L2 Professor: George Schroepfer Living an Authentic life Sangamithra Gangarapu, a software engineer, once said: â€Å"add life to your days, not days to your life;† This short but meaningful message caught my attention when I was browsing through facebook sometime last week. I’m sure the question that comes to mind when any of us when we see this quote is: have I live the life I was meant to live, or what does it mean to live an authentic life? Let us examine this question through the journeys of Noah, Gilgamesh, and Ivan. In my opinion, to live an authentic life is to have an ability to connect and believe deeply in your true spirit within that eventually those thoughts are†¦show more content†¦Ivan, when he was well, did not believe in death and as to him, death only happy to other people and not too much concern about the truth meaning of life. When he was drowned in sickness, he was forced to confront life’s unpleasantness and questioned himself how he lived his life. Ivan spent hi s last three days screaming and tortured himself with negative thoughts. One hour before he died, an insight has flashed through him and his pains were released. He realized and saw what he has not seen before, that he has lived well but only for himself and not for others. As he drew his last breath, he heard someone say:† He’s gone.† Then he whispered to himself:† death has gone.† Evan has found eternal life at the end of his life. Last but not least, how does faith influence what it means to live? Let Noah of Genesis help us explore this question. According to the bible, during the time of Noah, the world was in such chaos, evil; violence and corruption that God, the creator of all livings, had decided to end all lives and start it again for a new beginning. Noah was told to be righteous man of them all, also the only follower of God left on earth. Noah remained faithful to God, he walked with God and did all he asked for. And for his remarkable obe dience, God saved Noah, his family along with the some other chosen creatures while he flooded the earth and destroyed everything else that heShow MoreRelatedLiving An Authentic Christian Life1006 Words   |  5 Pagesline with the words, actions and goals of Jesus, as they daily strive to become more and more like Him. In order for this to happen there are two detrimental aspects that need to be considered. Character and service are two key ingredients in the life of one alive in Christ that go hand in hand as described in Romans 12. The believer’s new identity needs to continually transform their character to that of Christ, and their actions must identify them as servants of the King. I. 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Nor do you have to waitRead MoreViktor Frankl Founder Of Existential Therapy1373 Words   |  6 Pagesunable to motivate their own will to live and/ or make meaning out of life, they become immobile. Consequently, this immobility makes living difficult, which in essence results in the development of psychological disruptions.   Suicide, for example, is one disruption that can stem from one feeling not only alone, but feeling as if life has no meaning.   Those who seek this form of therapy are in search for the meaning of their personal life.   Gaining insight into the fears about death, loneliness, meaninglessnessRead MoreViktor Frankl Founder Of Existential Therapy1336 Words   |  6 Pagesunable to motivate their own will to live and/ or make meaning out of life, they become immobile. Consequently, thi s immobility makes living difficult, which in essence results in the development of psychological disruptions. Suicide, for example, is one disruption that can stem from one feeling not only alone, but feeling as if life has no meaning. Those who seek this form of therapy are in search for the meaning of their personal life. Gaining insight into the fears about death, loneliness and meaninglessnessRead MoreWhat I Believe Sartre?918 Words   |  4 Pageswhere he quotes â€Å"We are condemned to be free., Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. I will discuss in further details, what I believe he means when he speaks of freedom and its burden. What does freedom mean for individuals and living an authentic life? Why might God be an obstacle to radical freedom and why I consider myself as free as Sartre speaks of? Sartre speaks of this freedom that we all humans have, he says that we are condemned to be free, we are meant to just do whatever we please

The Repeal Of The National Minimum Drinking Age - 927 Words

The repeal of prohibition by the twenty-first Amendment in December of 1933 allowed for each state to set its own alcohol consumption age. After the passage of the twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the national drinking age to eighteen, thirty states had lowered the minimum drinking age to eighteen, nineteen, or twenty (â€Å"Prohibition†). In 1984, the enactment of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act prompted states to raise the legal age for purchase of public possession of alcohol to twenty-one or risk losing millions in federal highway funds. By 1988, all fifty states had raised the minimum drinking age to twenty-one. The United States is one, of just a handful of countries to have a drinking age as high as twenty-one. Of the one hundred and ninety nations, one hundred and fifteen, or sixty-one percent, of the countries have a legal drinking age starting at eighteen or nineteen. In some countries such as the Central African Republic, the drinking age starts at ten (M inimum Legal Drinking Age). The United States should follow suit with most of the other countries and lower the drinking age to eighteen. Dr. Henry Wechsler, a researcher at Harvard School of Public Health, and a leading expert on college binge drinking states, â€Å"President Ronald Reagan made the legal drinking age 21, it was the right decision. The Legal drinking age should remain at 21 for the entire nation† (Giamo 1). Although the legal age to purchase alcohol is twenty-one, a majority of students inShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcoholism On The American Society898 Words   |  4 Pagesappeared more problematic, the amendment was overridden. During the period following the repeal of prohibition the states were each given the task to assign minimal drinking ages for their state; however, this was not the correct decision. While federalism is great, the inconsistency between varying states was not working. This was a catalyst for the federal government establishing 21 as the National minimum drinking age. While President Reagan and his administration saw the drastic effects alcohol hasRead MoreMinimum Leg al Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1253 Words   |  6 Pages2017 Minimum Legal Drinking Age Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age? Ever since the end of prohibition in 1933 the United States government has placed the issue of minimum legal drinking age sensitively in the hands of the states, letting each decide for itself what the minimum age should be. At that time all agreed that the minimum legal drinking age should be 21, where it remained for allRead MoreProhibition During The Era Of 1920-1933 Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesmanufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks for common consumption according to dictionary.com. 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At the age of eighteen year olds you receive and are expected to use the rights and responsibilities to vote, serve on juries, get married, sign contracts, join the military--which includes taking on the responsibilities of life and death--and be prosecuted as an adults in the court of law along with many other things. In 1984, the national government raised the drinking age from 18 to 21. Mothers Against Drunk Driving was a key contributingRead More Drinking Laws Essay2569 Words   |  11 Pagesthe United States. Many countries elsewhere throughout the world have lower drinking ages or no age limitation or prohibition at all on consumption of alcoholic beverages. Interestingly, these countries likewise have lower incidences of abuse, lower death rates in automobile accidents, and lower arrest rates for alcohol-related offenses than in the US. Both Canada and Mexico, as examples, have legal 18-year old drinking age laws, and have abuse indices well below those in the US. 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Several studies have indicated that more accidents occurred as a result of lower drinking age. As a result there has been advocacy for restori ng MLDA to 21. Due to such advocacyRead MoreAnalyzing the Demand to Lower the Drinking Age to 181933 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Analyzing the Push to Lower the Drinking Age to 18 Introduction According to Andrew Mark Lisa in the preface to his online petition to see the national drinking age limit lowered, it is not only young people but also colleges across America who are interested in promoting legislation that will lower the drinking age. Lisa references a Time magazine article, which quotes Dartmouth College President James Wright as stating that a lowered age limit would help prevent alcohol abuse because campuses

Accounting Theory Accounting Conceptual Framework

Question: Describe about the Accounting Theory for Accounting Conceptual Framework. Answer: Case Study 1 In order to have principle-based standards, there are various reasons for the requirement of conceptual framework. It helps in resolving disputes, if any, as far as the setup of accounting standard is concerned. Conceptual framework helps in setting up of standards which needs to be followed by all the concerns in a unified manner. It provides requisite principles so that it is not required to be recurring in accounting standards. Conceptual framework provides the back support to principle-based standards and that fall in line or in continuation to their pre-defined standards. It also acts a constitution for reporting of financial information and reporting as well as all the references are towards conceptual framework. It ensures that consistency is the key amongst the standards thereby preventing varied conclusions (Godfrey, 2010) IASB and FASB are two international boards who are responsible for the setup of accounting standards. Both require the support of conceptual framework during its course of development. It is quite essential that IASB and FASB should have a common conceptual framework so as to have modification, update, union and completion between the framework and statements of both respectively. Since, they were developed during the period of 70s and 80s; it is quite natural that they will be subjected to changes and updates as per the changing requirements of accounting. There may be minor differences in their standards but the aim of IASB and FASB is same i.e. transparency, accountability and efficiency which goes in line of conceptual framework (Godfrey, 2010). Conceptual framework is the backbone of all the accounting standards and thus, is essential for all kinds of concerns. The principles stated in the conceptual framework are drafted in such a manner so that best international practice is followed on a global level. It is a true fact that many concerns, whether mid-size or big corporations are benefited from conceptual framework. The role of conceptual framework can be found in all types of business and thus, I believe that it is equally important for all kinds of parties and there is no kind of disparity for anyone in terms of its principles and guidelines. It can be said that the rules of conceptual framework are stricter for big corporations as compared to those mid-size firms. But, in no way it can be concluded that it is more important for some parties and less for some concerns (Godfrey, 2010). Cross cutting issue refers to the fact where uncertainty is taken into the account for the cases concerning measurement of assets or liabilities. This involves cases where rules of accounting seem to delay the aim of IASB and FASB. These are such issue which tends to touch the basic guidelines of accounting aspects. Some examples of cross cutting issues one measurement basis for assets and liabilities, considering and applying factors of cost constraint and comparability. Cross-cutting issue is an important aspect in the field of financial framework and is quite a relevant issue for big corporations or company. A strategic outlook is expected to deal with such issues (Iasplus.com, 2016). Case Study 2 Historical cost is used in accounting as to assess the value of a company. It believes in recording the price of an asset on its nominal or the cost incurred in original terms. US GAAP uses this method of accounting as far as the assets are concerned. The fundamental problem with financial statements which follows historical cost as means of measurement under US GAAP is fails to update the value of assets which are subject to change in a significant manner over the period of time. For example, if plant and machinery of a company was purchased for $50,500 and that its value in the market has increased to say, $2, 50,000 as on today, still it will be recorded at $ 50,500 in balance sheet. It is a true fact that accounting should ensure economic reality and there should be a strong link connecting the accounting standards and financial reports of a company. The boards that are responsible for the framework and development of accounting standards ensures to deliver quality information for investors who are willing to make rational decisions as far as their resources are concerned. If accounting does not reflect economic reality, the whole information would turn misleading for the prospective investors and would also violate the norms of conceptual framework. This is the reason that it is a crucial principle of measurement in accounting as it forms a base for the economic condition of a company. So, the stated principle ensures transparency and develops reliability for its statements (Financial Times, 2016). As far as the accounting aspect is concerned including the conceptual framework, economic reality can be measured as per the fair value keeping in menthe concept of prudence. Basically, economic reality determines the kind of transaction occurring in business by evaluating an overall commercial scenario. It can be measured by following the best international practise for the concerned organization or company. Principles of conceptual framework and guidelines issued by IASB and FASB, acts as standards for fair practise. An organization can evaluate its economic reality by analyzing its course of work with those standards and judge its level of authenticity. Even, accounting standards also acts as a benchmark for companies in order to judge their economic reality on a global level (Godfrey, 2010). Reliability in accounting refers to the phenomena where financial information can be confirmed and whether the same is being used by shareholders, creditors, users or investors in a consistent manner. In a simpler manner, reliability refers to the level of authenticity of financial statements based on which the factor of trust is developed by the end users mentioned above of such reports. It is due to the same reason that FASB and IASB are very particular when it comes to reliability of economic statements. Reliability can be measured on the basis of verifying the statements, remaining neutral to the accounting figures and faithfulness towards its disclosures as and when required. It is the most important aspects in conceptual framework and accounting standards authenticated by their respective boards (Godfrey, 2010). Case Study 3 The provisions of FASB requires corporations and companies to analyze and record a provision in respect to environmental cost of retiring an asset provided that its possible to reasonably estimate the component of fair value. Since, it is a guideline from the side of FASB, it creates a mandatory obligation on the companies to follow and implement the same in their financial statements. Generally, fair value of accounting is followed by the companies and if assets are prone to environmental conditions, it is required to create a provision for the same and reflect it in accounting. But, companies are quite sceptic in following the same in their practise of accounting due to their respective apprehensions and financial outlook towards it (Journal of Accountancy, 2016). In order to defer recognition of a liability, US companies had come up with some aspects of their requirements. They propagated their beliefs that the revenues earned in the business are quite sufficient in offsetting those liabilities and are thus, not required to be shown separately in their reports of financial statements. It was a well known fact that the impact of recognising such kind of liability would be reflected in their figures of revenue due to the concept of double entry. This made them quite sceptic in recognising such kind of liability in their financial statements. The probable tax consequences due to recognition of such kind of liability were also amongst the aspects of requirements to defer recognition of a liability (Godfrey, 2010). Net profit in the current year as well as of the future years gets affected due to the recognition of liability in relation to future restoration activity effect. These are generally recorded in the form of provisions every year and thus it lowers the profit for all those years in which such provisions are recognised. Since, the provisions are not nominal in nature; it has a huge impact on net profits. Cash flows deals with the incoming and outgoing of cash in an organization. Since the recognition of liability is in form of provisions, it does not involve the outflow of cash from the company. So, it will have no effect on cash flow till the time such liability materializes in form of cash and lowering the positive cash flow (Godfrey, 2010). In this global market, it has turned quite crucial to record environmental liabilities and to show its actual aspect in the reports of various organizations. Due to continuous change in environment, some of the assets are prone to it to some extent and it affects its efficiency. So, for depicting fair value it has now turned quite important to recognize such liability in financial statements. Proper disclosures for the same are also quite relevant in order to justify such recognition of liability. The liability for the said purpose should be disclosed in such a manner so that it is able to quantify its effect on financial statements supported by proper reasons and explanations like the nature of assets and its conditions which has led to its recognition (Godfrey, 2010). References Financial Times. (2016). Financial data must reflect the economic reality - FT.com. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fdfd338e-312c-11d9-a595-00000e2511c8.html?ft_site=falcondesktop=true#axzz4SAP23CoY [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016]. Godfrey, J. (2010). Accounting theory. 1st ed. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley. Iasplus.com. (2016). Cross-cutting issues Taking uncertainty into account in the measurement of an asset or liability. [online] Available at: https://www.iasplus.com/en/meeting-notes/iasb/2011/agenda_1102/agenda1603 [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016]. Journal of Accountancy. (2016). Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations. [online] Available at:https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/issues/2001/dec/accountingforassetretirementobligations.html [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016].

Scuba Diving

Introduction The life of a diver highly depends on the diving gear, particularly the procedure of ensuring every part of a scuba gear is in the required conditions before the activity. It is also important to ensure quality of the gear and the people understand the procedure of using the materials during diving. The scuba diver’s life vastly depends on the equipment, and the sport is entirely equipment-dependent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scuba Diving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the gear fails, even an experienced scuba diver is in deep trouble due to the possible dangers. This essay forms a manual about scuba diving, explanation on the technical procedures of combining some parts of the equipment, importance of the parts, differences and usage. The manual also tries to answer common queries raised concerning this recreational activity. Scuba Diving Gear Scuba Masks It forms the interface bet ween the underworld and the diver. It is therefore extremely important that the equipment be personal and of best fit. Before diving, the mask has to be well garbed in place, levelled, accurately fit and defogged to ensure good visibility underwater. Unlike other masks such as the industrial mask, scuba masks are quite different since they are customized for the deep diving and underwater atmospheres. Unlike snorkelling masks that are designed for surface water sports, which are made of plastic lenses, materials used on most scuba masks include silicon as well as a tempered glass that is tough enough to overcome fogs or scratches. The main purpose of the mask is to enhance better vision underwater, but it also acts as a gear that prevents water from the diver’s nostrils. Vision is quite vital underwater since it enables the diver to read a pressure gauge and hand signs or gesture communication. According to Crockett, various scuba masks are available in the market, including the one, two, or side window masks, wide field vision masks, purge-valve masks, optical lensed masks and silicon coloured masks (34). All masks in the market are quite different in design to accommodate diverse fits for different facial shapes. It is thus advisable for any buyer to try all the available shapes before deciding a purchase. The mask has various parts as illustrated on the diagram below.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 1: Parts of Scuba Mask The lenses are made from tempered glass as opposed to plastic to prevent easy scratching or fogging. The skirt of the mask is also made of pliable solid from silicon as opposed to plastic. Silicon is more flexible and softer, thus provides a better seal on the diver’s face any prevent water from getting into the eye. While trying the mask, Hold the mask against the face, with the nose in the pocket provisio n. Ensure the skirt lies flat on the skin without folds Confirm the skirt presses well on cheeks and temple. Carry out the test without pulling the strap over the head. Ensure the strap does not come between the face and skirt of the mask. Safeguard the hair to ensure it is not trapped in the mask. A good fitting mask has a skirt that lays halfway between the mouth and bottom of the nose as shown on figure 2 below. Figure 2: Testing the Best Fit before a Purchase To check if the mask is of best fit,Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scuba Diving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Inhale deeply and let go the mask. A perfectly fitting mask must stick to the face without air leaks as shown on figure 3 below. Facial hair especially moustache may interfere with the tests but an application of petroleum or silicon jelly can be done to assist in sealing such areas prone to leaks (Crockett, 37). Figure 3: Inhaling in the Mask to test for Best Fit If the mask seals perfectly, Simulate the mouth position assuming presence of the regulator in the mouth during inhaling process as illustrated in figure 4 below. This assists in ensuring mask remains in place even in the presence of a regulator in the mouth. Figure 4: Mouth Simulation during Inhalation to find Best FitAdvertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Being a gear that comes as a complete unit, the scuba mask is easy to have in place and adjust. The musk must first fit comfortably, but it is important that the diver ensure that the musk leaves very little airspace between the lenses and face. In line with Crockett, the closer the mask is to the face, the better the vision and the easier it is to equalize, adjust, prevent and clear fog (37). While putting the mask on, Pull the strap over the head and Allow the strap to pass through over the ears like sunglasses Avoid placing the skirt above the hairline as illustrated in figure 5, to avoid leaks. Figure 5: Putting the Mask On During a fit, a mask that touches the bridge of the nose or the nose is in contact with the bottom of the mask, clearly indicates that water pressure may cause more pain during diving (Crockett, 47). Figure six shows some of the aspects a diver may find necessary to check on before settling for a best fitting mask. Figure 6: Checking the Tight Spots durin g Best Fit Another simple check for a best fitting mask is by ensuring there is a comfortable way to pinch the nose closed by holding through the nose socket as illustrated on figure 7 below. Figure 7: Pinching Nose through Pocket to check for a Best fit A good mask must fit closely to the face; it leaves less air space between the face and lenses of the mask, thus providing an easier way of equalizing as shown on figure 7. Figure 8: The Distance between the Lenses and face Finding the mask’s area of vision Upon fitting to the mast to what seems to be the right position, Roll the eyeball through all direction and find out whether all the fields of sight are visible. Ensure that the amount of light into the mask is comfortable. The type of mask will determine the light regulation for instance the masks with dark silicon sealants provide less lighting, while those with clear seals allow more light into the mask. Checking all directions helps the diver to determine fitness o f the mask and the diving needs. Figure 9: Rolling the eye through all direction to ensure visibility after fitting How Scuba Mask Enhances Visibility Underwater Besides preventing blurred or distorted image, the mask is a vital gear for easy communication and clear vision in deep waters. Scientifically, the speed of light changes when it transfers from one medium to another (refraction of light), and during transfer from water and human lens in the eye, the change on the speed of light causes the diver to experience a blurry vision. The scuba mask assists because it holds some air between the water and eyes, thus allowing for the normal transfer of light from air (trapped in mask), to lens of the eye. The light waves pass from water through the mask to air inside the mask and then to the eye. However, vision through the scuba musk is still slightly distorted, but is 33% bigger in comparison to the images viewed directly through water (Zitzewits 138). Before a dive, Apply defoggin g solution on the inside of a mask, which prevents formation of fog. apply a little of this agent into the mask and rub around before a brief rinse with clean fresh water leave a thin layer of the agent inside the mask without rubbing off Divers must understand there is humidity in the air. The diver often breathes some air into the mask thus adding humidity. Condensation of such moisture fog the glass since warm air fogs due to contact with the cold lenses of the mask. The defogging agent breaks the bond between water molecules that form the fog on the inside of the mask. In line with Newman, some of the commercial defogging solutions are designed specifically for the mask (13). It is advisable to perform defogging before each dive. There are also numerous procedures of defogging, for instance use of toothpaste or flame to remove residue left after manufacturing. How to clear water from a Scuba mask It is important for a diver to have skills of clearing water from the scuba mask d uring a dive without the need to surface. Lack of such vital skills may cause nervousness. To clear the mask off water the diver need to follow the following procedure as illustrated in figure 10 below: First practice mouth or inhaling through the mouth and exhaling through nose especially if the water if felt entering the nostrils. Secondly, tilt the head downwards as a measure of trapping air in the nose, which in turn prevents water. Ensure the skirt of the mask holds firmly on the forehead by placing a strong grip on the frame of the mask or by spreading fingers along the edges. Keep head down to ensure water stays out of the nostrils. With the head tilted down, Inhale deeply through the regulator Exhale slowly but strongly through the nose Tilt head upwards gradually as you continue to exhale strongly through the nose The process need to last a couple of seconds. The exhaled air from the nose bubbles upwards into the mask, and forces the water out through the bottom of the mas k. After performing the procedure, look down towards the floor and ensure that any water that may remain in the mask does not flow into the nose. Repeat the procedure until all the droplets are completely removed Figure 10: Clearing Water from the Scuba Mask The tight grip on the upper side of the mask ensures that exhaled air does not escape from the top of the mask. Tilting the head up during the exercise also ensures that the air is retained in the mask without flowing out through the bottom or the sides. Properly skilled divers are able to clear mask fogs by letting in some water, directing the water to the lens of the mask by swishing where the fog is and clearing the water off the mask in the same way. Scuba Diving fins Divers have a wide variety of fins to choose from including the booties, spring-strapped, split, blade, and turtle beside open or close-heeled fins. According to Orr and Douglas, â€Å"Various fins have been designed for devious dives and various materials a re used to maximize propulsion and minimize the kicking efforts† (26). Types of Scuba Fins Aqualung Blade It is important to consider flexibility of fins. The aqualung blade fins shown in figure 11 below are very stiff and mostly preferred due to their enhanced feature of frog kicking to achieve better repulsion techniques for instance backing up turns. The stiffness enables the diver to propel easily and further for each kick made in comparison to the flexible fins. However, the fins are cumbersome and continuous kicks can be extremely exhausting (Orr and Douglas 26). Figure 11: Aqualung Stiff Blade fins Closed-Heels Fins They contain a packet made of rubber that covers the entire driver’s heel. According to Graver, the fins work extremely well without diver’s booties especially in warm water (31). Cold-water diver requires booties to overcome the harsh climatic conditions by keeping the feet warm especially during the on show dives. Booties have a hard bottom to enhance easy movements over rough beaches, rocks, hot surfaces before a dive. â€Å"Booties also prevent blisters since they are high enough to strap the diver’s heals and prevent direct rubs against heels during a dive or walk† (Graver 31). Figure12 below shows an illustration of the water booties. Figure 12: Scuba Booties It is critical that a diver considers the style of strap for the open heeled fins. In line with William, â€Å"Standard straps are made of flexible rubber that easily loosened, tightened or unclipped for easy wear and removal† (18). Advanced straps have tight coils to fasten round the heel, which are more durable due to the metallic materials and are more comfortable, styled and easy to remove. Figure 13 below differentiates the two type of strapping. Figure 13: Spring and Standard Rubber Straps Blade fins Blade fins are designed with continuous rubber or plastic materials with various panels, contours and holes to direct water. The fins also provide divers with a more efficient and flutter kick. The flexibility of the fins vary considerable and therefore are more appropriate for divers who wish to maintain a standard speed during a dive or wish to scuba dive through moderate currents (Bantin 11). Figure 14 below shows the differently styled blade fins. Figure 14: Differently Styled Blade Fins The split fins The split in the fin (figure 15) is meant to reduce the kicking efforts; therefore, the fins are preferable for the flutter kicking. There are also favourable among less masculine divers due to the reduced strain. They are more effective when there are fewer currents. Figure 15: Split fins Snorkelling Fins The fins are easy to manipulate due to their sizes. They also provide the diver an easy way of balancing in shallow waters; however, they fail to provide adequate propulsion for scuba diving, this means that the diver has to compensate with faster and harder kicks (Bantin 37). Figure 16 below provides an il lustration of the Snorkelling Fins Figure 16: Snorkelling Fins Turtle fins The shape (short and stiff) and type of material gives them a more definitive design. They are more thick and heavier and work perfectly during the technical or advanced dives. A kick with the fins provides a more propelled effect but causes greater exhaustion. As seen on figure 17 below, the designs of these fins are simple but the equipment is still considered as one of the most effective fin. Most stores still stock the classic version but with diverse styles. In line with Bantin, the technical diver prefers the fins due to the great repulsive force they provide, and the size is effective during navigation in compacted areas where there are dangers of kicking the ceiling (37). Figure 17: Turtle fins Free-diving Fins As figure 18 below illustrates, the fins have very long, thin and stiff fins that make them very unfavourable among the recreational divers. The fins are preferable during frog and flutter ki cks due to their long blades. Although most divers do not prefer these fins due to the involved technicality of manipulation, they provide easy, quicker and very strong repulsive movements. Figure 18: Free-diving Fins Coloured Fins The colours come in handy during a dive where individuals are easy to locate and identify especially the brightly coloured one in poor visibility areas. Neon, orange, yellow, red, sky-blue are common bright colours as figure 19 below illustrates. Figure 19: Coloured Fins Innovative Fins They are specially designed with elastic enhancements such as rubber to add effectiveness during a kick. Some have a gear shifting mechanism for adjustment during a dive in the aim of decreasing or increasing resistance (Bantin 37). Figure 20: Innovative Fins Snorkels This is a safety equipment used together with the breathing regulators particularly when there are difficulties regarding keeping the head above the waves. The equipment is simply a bent tube with a mouthp iece attached at the bottom. The side is attached to the scuba mask through a clip and the other end (top-tube) extending above the head to stick out of the water surface and form a provision for easy breathing when the head is completely submerged. The clip enables the diver to use the snorkel without need to hold it in place. Figure 21 below shows various parts of a snorkel. The top of the equipment can be completely open, with a classic and easy to use design, but water splashing on the top drains directly into the mouthpiece. There thus more favourable in calm conditions, otherwise the diver is forced to clear water splashing into the open top (Bulenkov 7). Figure 21: Parts of a Snorkel Angled Snorkels Slightly angled snorkels are better since they provide a drier top by preventing water from entering, unless when completely submerged. The top covering consists of vents angled to divert splashing water. Although the snorkels provide easiness of breathing, they are favourable in calm and less wavy conditions but are heavier at the top compared to the open tops. Figure 22: Angled Snorkels Fully dry-top Snorkels seal water even when the diver submerges completely. The top is implemented with simple scientific mechanism of folds and valves. The system closes when a diver submerges thus eliminating need to clear water upon return to the surface. If the diver is using a snorkel that does not incorporate purge valves as illustrated in figure 23, water can easily enter the tube. In such a case, Exhale powerfully to ensure water blows out through the top Figure 23: Snorkels without Purge Vales The blowing cannot affect or break any part since the purge valve is absent. Unlike the snorkels with a purge valve at the base (illustrated in figure 24 below), those without the valve are very durable due to the simplicity. According to Bulenkov, Snorkels with valves are easier and faster to clear and are thus rapidly gaining the standardisation prominence in the marke t (8). Figure 24: Snorkels with Purge Vales Rigid Tube Snorkels The rigid nature of this snorkels assist in maintains the tube’s shape thus prevents bending. The equipment can be comfortable to the user but it need to be of the right fit. Ensure best fit of the rigid tube snorkel during mask fitting exercise. Check the angle of inclination to ensure it does not leave big space A good angle fit is closer to the diver’s face. Flexible Snorkels They have corrugated plastic or silicon connection between the upper and bottom portions. They are easy to fit due to the flexibility. The flexibility come in handy during diving where the diver can replace the snorkel with the regulator and the mouthpiece hangs sideways away from destructing the diver. Figures 25 and 26 below show the differences between the rigid and flexible tube snorkels. Figure 25: Rigid-Tubed Snorkels Figure 26: Flexible-Tubed Snorkels Nautilus Snorkel As figure 27 below illustrates, this snorkel is a fl exible and easy to fit into a carrying case and can be stashed in the Buoyancy compensator pockets or left loose on the rings. Upon removal, the device springs open into shape. It may lack other critical features, but the flexibility makes the device a favourite for some divers. Figure 27: Nautilus Snorkel Oceanic Pocket Snorkel The Oceanic Pocket Snorkel is highly comparable to the Nautilus Snorkel, but it has a strapping to keep it folded when not in use. Oceanic pocket snorkel has a purge valve on top that is tougher, thus making it not fold to a small size like the Nautilus. Figure 28 below shows the oceanic pocket snorkel. Figure 28: Oceanic Pocket Snorkel The Mouth Pieces According to Treinish, these are part of the snorkel that fits into the diver’s mouth and are made of soft silicon manufactured in diverse shapes for best fits as illustrated on figure 29 below (253). The diver must: Find the right type and size Check the styles for instance strapping for easy fits and comfort Decide the ease of clearing collected water Most mouthpieces have a small reservoir extension to prevent water that drains into the tube from dripping directly into the diver’s mouth. The dive can still breathe with ease even when some water has collected in the snorkel. The reservoir thus provides easiness on usage and clearing collecting water (Treinish 254). Figure 29: Various Mouth Pieces Mask Connectors The connectors that attach the snorkels to the masks are diverse depending on manufacturers, as illustrated below. Figure 30: Various Mask Connectors on Snorkels Test for attachment and detachment before diving. If it works well in air, then it is good for diving. If they detach easily in air then hold to them during roll or a jump to avoid loss. Ensure that the connection allow easy movement of snorkel One of the attachments uses a permanently mounted loop and a hook that provides a quicker way of detaching and attaching. Another has a hook that slides o ver the tube and provides a slower but ascertained way of attaching. The snorkel keeper has two loops made from plastic, which slides over the tube. It is equally a slow mechanism but cannot be detached accidentally. Other connectors have adjustable clips attached to the snorkel. Scuba Tanks and Regulators Scuba tanks are mainly made from steel and aluminium to hold compressed air. Aluminium is lighter in weight but need to be designed with thicker walls to sustain the compressed air inside. Aluminium is also easily dented and scratched. On the other hand, steel tanks rust easily in presence of moisture. Perform periodical tumbling to remove oxidation from the inside of the aluminium tank Considers the scuba tank dry-weight (weight when empty) before a hiking any significant distances. Choose a low capacity tank during shallow diving and high capacity during longer deep diving or if you have high consumptions. Fill the tanks at reliable stations to ensure they are only filled with dry air. Avoid emptying the tank completely Take the tank for frequent tumbles to remove any rusts Ensure compressed gas tanks are or have been taken for a hydrostatic test. Check the test date Inspect tanks frequently especially at the neck threads for possible clacks that can cause gas leaks and loss. Check the type of regulator. Do you prefer DIN or Yoke? To determine the type of regulator, look for an O-ring at the valve attaching to the tank. If the O-ring is present, then the valve is a DIN otherwise, it is a yoke. Figure 31 show a DIN while figure and 32 a yoke regulator. Figure 31: DIN Scuba Tank Regulator Figure 32: Yoke Scuba Tank Regulator Air consumption from a scuba tank during a dive The support expectancy of air in a scuba tank depends on the diver’s consumption rate technically termed as â€Å"Surface Air Consumption Rate (SAC rate) or the Respiratory Minute Volume† (Leaird 43). Divers with large lung volumes (tall and those with big BMI (Body Mass I ndex)) need more air that the short or petite persons. Other factors that determine consumption include diving experience levels /specialty on diving, stress, exercise done before a dive and ability to control buoyancy. To limit air intake and ensure consistent supply, Relax and practice slow and deep breathing patterns End the dive before reaching the air supply limit Calculate the no-decompression limit Plan and monitor the dive time Do not exceed the planned depth Avoid reaching the â€Å"no-decompression limit† during a dive Use â€Å"enriched air nitrox† Ascend with a friend who has reached the supply limit Have a contingency plan Factors that determine durability of air in a scuba tank during a dive include: The tank volume Consumption rate The pressure of water Buoyancy Control and Effects of Buoyancy on Divers: Inflate and deflate the â€Å"Buoyancy control Device (BCD)† to increase or decrease buoyancy respectively during a dive (Leaird 89). Use le ad weights to descend and stay down as the scuba tank empties Scuba Regulators The regulator enables the diver to breath from the scuba tank during underwater dives. The equipment is called a scuba regulator because of controlling the amount of air the diver breathes. It is not possible to breath directly from the tank since the air is highly compressed (strongly pressured). The regulator reduces pressure from the tank to an intermediary section before its final regulation to the diver. Parts of a Scuba Regulator According to Bantin, the gear has various accessories but two main stages (68). Figure 33: Parts of a Scuba Regulator First point of regulation: Controls the air pressure by reducing it to an intermediate pressure point, through a low-pressure hose. As shown on figure 34 below, first-point regulator connects to four different hoses, three to the second point of regulation as well as the buoyancy compensator and one hose to the gauge. Figure 34: First Point of Regulatio n First-Stage Body Yoke Yoke Screw Dust Cap Port/Port plug Second Point of regulation: Assists in providing the diver with an ambient pressurized air that is equivalents to surrounding pressure in air and water. It forms the safe breathing point for the diver. It attaches to the open water valve discussed earlier and thus acts as the other breathing-point/alternative during a deep dive. Figure 35: Primary Second Stage Regulator Purge Button Ease of breathing regulator Exhaust valve Mouthpiece An alternative second point of regulation: Forms a backup for the second point regulator. A diver can share air with a fellow diver during a deep-water dive through this point. This alternative point is today a standard safety diving console for a diver (Bantin 68). Figure 36 Secondary Second Stage Regulator Mouthpiece Low pressure Hose Plunge button Air Adjuster Submersible pressure scale and related console: It is a gauge for monitoring air usage during a dive to avoid run-outs. It connects to the first regulator through a high-pressure tube, and provides a point of reading direct pressure from the scuba tank. Other gauges that work in line with the pressure gauge include the depth gauge; computer console and diver compass (William 35). Figure 37: Inflator Hose connector Sleeve Buoyancy Compensator opening A low pressure inflating tube: According to Leaird, this is a critical low-pressure hose that assists in quick transfers of air from the first stage regulator to the â€Å"Buoyancy Compensator’s (BC) inflator† (42). Figure 38: Submersible Air/Pressure Gauge Depth Gauge Submersible Pressure Gauge Buoyancy Compensators (BCs/BCDs) BCD is an inflated jacket that assists divers to experience and control neutral buoyancy. Common compensators are designed as vests or jackets, which connects the diver to the scuba tank during a deep dive. Other designs include the back wing that is often used during technical dives and the classic â€Å"ho rse collar† design. A sample design is illustrated on figure 39 below. Figure 39: Buoyancy Compensation/Control Device (BCD) How to use the buoyancy compensator Once in deep waters, add air to the buoyancy compensator in order to experience neutral buoyancy. Inflate the compensator completely to enjoy a surface dive with head above water Attach the scuba tank to the jacket scuba compensator, during recreational diving Attach the scuba dive accessories to the d-ring and pockets of the compensator for instance the torch/light, knife or slates. Features of a Buoyancy Compensator to consider before a purchase Choose the style of inflating (back inflating or vest style) depending on experience and expected usage. Vest-style is easy to use and ensures easy floating, thus best suited for surface diving Squeeze the chest when the vest-styled compensator is fully inflated Choose the right lift required for a dive When using trim weight pockets of the compensator, distribute them ac cordingly to balance the swimming position Deflate the compensator from the standard locations whenever necessary As figure 40 below illustrates, the diver can deflate the compensator through the buoyancy compensator hose, but it should be raised towards the surface Figure 40: Deflating a Buoyancy Compensator using its Hose Scuba Dive Computer It is a device for monitoring diver’s heart rates as a measure to manage workload. The digital huge display of the device enhances readability during a dive. The device also keeps track of the dive remaining bottom time (RBT), temperature, tank pressure, bearing for easy navigation during a dive and depth. The information is observable both during a dive and later since all information is committed to a logbook memory. The diver is thus advised to Always upgrade the computer system software through the wireless or infrared interface Review the calculated deco data especially the gas mixes Check all the alarm warnings and text message s during a dive Scuba Wetsuit According to William, it is scientifically proven that water conducts heat away from the human body twenty times quicker than air (8). A wetsuit thus prevents water from cooling and eventually chilling the diver due to the mechanism of slowed heat loss. The suit also protects against scratches from the aquatic life such as corals. The wetsuit traps a thin layer of water against the skin and the water is heated to a temperature near normal. Scientifically, â€Å"water conducts less heat away from diver than the cooler surroundings, thus keeping the body warm†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (William 7). Wet suits are made of neoprene, which is a material made from compressed air bubbles sealed in rubber. Before settling for a choice of suit, Wear a suit that fits properly to ensure trapped heat does not circulate off the body. Remember that wetsuit is not a sufficient gear to provide required warmth if the dive is lengthy or through extreme conditions (iced water). Ensu re tightness of the suit for easy in trapping warmth, but also ensure easiness of breathing and blood circulation. Consider the thickness of the suit. Thicker suits are warmer Choose between the short or full wetsuits. Figure 41 shows the short and long wetsuits. Figure 41: Short and Long Wetsuits Conclusion Although there are many related equipment associable with scuba diving as a recreational activity, figure 42 below illustrates some of the most critical items to think through before considering the sport. Figure 42: Basic Scuba Diving Equipment Works Cited Bantin, John. The Scuba Diving Handbook: The Complete Guide to Safe and  Exciting Scuba Diving. Canada: Firefly Books, 2007. Print. Bulenkov, Ye. Soviet Manual of Scuba Diving. Florida, FL: The Minerva Group, Inc., 2004. Print. Crockett, Jim. The Why-To of Scuba Diving. Ney York, NY: Aqua Quest Publications, Inc. 2002. Print. Graver, Dennis. Scuba Diving. Illinois, IL: Human Kinetics. 2010. Print. Leaird, Tom. This Thin g called Scuba. Indiana, IN: Xlibris Corporation, 2010. Print Newman, John. Scuba Diving and Snorkelling for Dummies. New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley Sons Ltd. 2011. Print. Orr, Dan, and E. Douglas. Scuba Diving Safety. Illinois, IL: Human Kinetics. 2007. Print. Treinish, Steve. Technical Rescuer: Water levels. Kentucky, KY: Cengage Learning, 2009. William, Koelzer. Scuba Diving: How to get Started. New York, NY: Chilton Book Co. 1976. Print Zitzewits, Paul. The Handy Physics Answer Book. Michigan, MI: Visible Ink Press. 2011. Print. This essay on Scuba Diving was written and submitted by user Jonathon Juarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pelycosaurs, Archosaurs, and Therapsids

Pelycosaurs, Archosaurs, and Therapsids Like archeologists discovering the ruins of a previously unknown civilization buried deep beneath an ancient city, dinosaur enthusiasts are sometimes astonished to learn that entirely different kinds of reptiles once ruled the earth, tens of millions of years before famous dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurus Rex, Velociraptor, and Stegosaurus. For approximately 120 million years- from the Carboniferous to the middle Triassic periods- terrestrial life was dominated by the pelycosaurs, archosaurs, and therapsids (the so-called mammal-like reptiles) that preceded the dinosaurs. Of course, before there could be archosaurs (much less full-blown dinosaurs), nature had to evolve the first true reptile. At the start of the Carboniferous periodthe swampy, wet, vegetation-choked era during which the first peat bogs formed- the most common land creatures were prehistoric amphibians, themselves descended (by way of the earliest tetrapods) from the proverbial  prehistoric fish that flipped, flopped, and slithered their way out of oceans and lakes millions of years before. Because of their reliance on water, though, these amphibians couldnt stray far from the rivers, lakes, and oceans that kept them moist, and that provided a convenient place to lay their eggs. Based on the current evidence, the best candidate we know of for the first true reptile is Hylonomus, fossils of which have been found in sediments dating back 315 million years. Hylonomus- the name is Greek for forest dweller- may well have been the first tetrapod (four-footed animal) to lay eggs and have scaly skin, features that would have allowed it to venture farther from the bodies of water to which its amphibian ancestors were tethered. Theres no doubt that Hylonomus evolved from an amphibian species; in fact, scientists believe that the elevated oxygen levels of the Carboniferous period may have helped fuel the development of complex animals in general. The Rise of the Pelycosaurs Now came one of those catastrophic global events that cause some animal populations to prosper, and others to shrivel up and disappear. Toward the start of the  Permian period, about 300 million years ago, the earths climate gradually became hotter and drier. These conditions favored small reptiles like Hylonomus  and were detrimental to the amphibians that had previously dominated the planet. Because they were better at regulating their own body temperature, laid their eggs on land, and didnt need to stay close to bodies of water, the reptiles radiated- that is, evolved and differentiated to occupy various ecological niches. (The amphibians didnt go away- they’re still with us today, in dwindling numbers- but their time in the limelight was over.) One of the most important groups of evolved reptiles was the pelycosaurs (Greek for bowl lizards). These creatures appeared toward the end of the Carboniferous period, and persisted well into the Permian, dominating the continents for about 40 million years. By far the most famous pelycosaur (and one thats often mistaken for a dinosaur) was Dimetrodon, a large reptile with a prominent sail on its back (the main function of which may have been to soak up sunlight and maintain its owners internal temperature). The pelycosaurs made their livings in different ways: for example, Dimetrodon was a carnivore, while its similar-looking cousin Edaphosaurus was a plant-eater (and its entirely possible that one fed on the other). Its impossible to list all the genera of pelycosaurs here; suffice it to say that a lot of different varieties evolved over 40 million years. These reptiles are classified as synapsids, which are characterized by the presence of one hole in the skull behind each eye (technically speaking, all mammals are also synapsids). During the Permian period, synapsids coexisted with anapsids (reptiles lacking those all-important skull holes). Prehistoric anapsids also attained a striking degree of complexity, as exemplified by such large, ungainly creatures as Scutosaurus. (The only anapsid reptiles alive today are the Testudines- turtles, tortoises, and terrapins.) Meet the Therapsids- The Mammal-Like Reptiles The timing and sequence cant be pinned down precisely, but paleontologists believe that sometime during the early  Permian  period, a branch of pelycosaurs evolved into reptiles called therapsids (otherwise known as mammal-like reptiles). Therapsids were characterized by their more powerful jaws bearing sharper (and better differentiated) teeth, as well as their upright stances (that is, their legs were situated vertically beneath their bodies, compared to the sprawling, lizard-like posture of earlier synapsids). Once again, it took a catastrophic global event to separate the boys from the men (or, in this case, the pelycosaurs from the therapsids). By the end of the Permian period,  250 million years ago, over two-thirds of all land-dwelling animals went extinct, possibly because of a meteorite impact (of the same type that killed the dinosaurs 185 million years later). Among the survivors were various species of therapsids, which were free to radiate into the depopulated landscape of the early  Triassic  period. A good example is  Lystrosaurus, which evolutionary writer Richard Dawkins has called the Noah of the Permian/Triassic boundary: fossils of this 200-pound therapsid have been found all over the world. Here’s where things get weird. During the Permian period, the cynodonts (dog-toothed reptiles) that descended from the earliest therapsids developed some distinctly mammalian characteristics. Theres solid evidence that reptiles like  Cynognathus  and  Thrinaxodon  had fur, and they may also have had  warm-blooded metabolisms  and black, wet, dog-like noses. Cynognathus (Greek for dog jaw) may even have given birth to live young, which by almost any measure would make it much closer to a mammal than to a reptile! Sadly, the therapsids were doomed by the end of the Triassic period, muscled out of the scene by the archosaurs (of which more below), and then by the archosaurs immediate descendants, the  earliest dinosaurs. However, not all therapsids went extinct: a few small genera survived for tens of millions of years, scurrying unnoticed under the feet of lumbering dinosaurs and evolving into the first  prehistoric mammals  (of which the immediate predecessor may have been the small, quivering therapsid Tritylodon.) Enter the Archosaurs Another family of prehistoric reptile, called the  archosaurs, coexisted with the therapsids (as well as the other land reptiles that survived the Permian/Triassic extinction). These early diapsids- so-called because of the two, rather than one, holes in their skulls behind each eye socket- managed to out-compete the therapsids, for reasons that are still obscure. We do know that the teeth of archosaurs were more firmly set in their jaw sockets, which would have been an evolutionary advantage, and its possible that they were quicker to evolve upright, bipedal postures (Euparkeria, for example, may have been one of the first archosaurs capable of rearing up on its hind legs.) Toward the end of the Triassic period, the first archosaurs split off into the first primitive dinosaurs: small, quick, bipedal carnivores like  Eoraptor,  Herrerasaurus,  and  Staurikosaurus. The identity of the immediate progenitor of the dinosaurs is still a matter of debate, but one likely candidate is  Lagosuchus  (Greek for rabbit crocodile), a tiny, bipedal archosaur that possessed a number of distinctly dinosaur-like characteristics, and that sometimes goes by the name  Marasuchus. (Recently, paleontologists identified what may well be the earliest dinosaur descended from archosaurs, the 243-million-year-old  Nyasasaurus.) It would, however, be a very dinosaur-centric way of looking at things to write archosaurs out of the picture as soon as they evolved into the first theropods. The fact is that archosaurs went on to spawn two other mighty races of animals: the  prehistoric crocodiles  and the  pterosaurs, or flying reptiles. In fact, by all rights, we should be giving crocodiles precedence over dinosaurs, since these fierce reptiles are still with us today, whereas  Tyrannosaurus Rex,  Brachiosaurus,  and all the rest arent!

Financial Management Problems and case #6 Essay

Financial Management Problems and case #6 - Essay Example Reporting a large loss and/or increasing dividend payout would have a negative effect on cash and profitability. Problem 9: MVA - Henderson Industries, with a stock price of $60, $500MM of issued common stock, and an MVA of $130MM has shares outstanding in the amount of 10,500,000; the result of the sum of the book value ($500MM) and the market value added ($130MM) divided by the share price. Problem 10: Cash Flow - Based on the information provided regarding Bailey Corporation's Income Statement: (a) The net operating profit after taxes is $3B [NOPAT=EBIT(1-Tax rate)=$4B(1-$1B)]. (b) The net cash flow is $4.5B [NCF=NI+D&A=$1.5B+$3B]. (c) The operating cash flow is $6B [OCF=EBIT(1-Tax rate)+D&A=$3B+$3B]. (d) The free cash flow is $2.7B [FCF=OCF-IOC=$6B-$3.3B]. Problem 11: Income Statement - Based on the information provided regarding Hermann Industries' Income Statement forecasts, the forecasted net income would be achieved by a sales figure of $ 12,681,481.47: Sales $12,681,481.47 Operating Costs (55% of Sales) ($ 6,974,814.81) EBITDA $ 5,706,666.66 Depreciation & Amortization ($ 880,000.00) EBIT $ 4,826,666.66 Interest ($ 660,000.00) EBT $ 4,166,666.66 Taxes (40%) ($ 1,666,666.66) Net Income $ 2,500,000.00 EMBA 503, Financial Management Case Six YOUR FULL NAME YOUR INSTITUION OR SCHOOL PROFESSOR DATE Lottery Winnings: Case Study Six 1. If you were one of the winners, which option would you select Why I would choose the cash option. I would do this primarily because I could invest the money safely and obtain a return that, although less than the annuity payment, would still give me more money than I need each year and would never... Problem 9: MVA - Henderson Industries, with a stock price of $60, $500MM of issued common stock, and an MVA of $130MM has shares outstanding in the amount of 10,500,000; the result of the sum of the book value ($500MM) and the market value added ($130MM) divided by the share price. Problem 11: Income Statement - Based on the information provided regarding Hermann Industries' Income Statement forecasts, the forecasted net income would be achieved by a sales figure of $ 12,681,481.47: 1. If you were one of the winners, which option would you select Why I would choose the cash option. I would do this primarily because I could invest the money safely and obtain a return that, although less than the annuity payment, would still give me more money than I need each year and would never diminish the principal. Also, if I did not spend all of the money gained from the investment, the compound interest would increase my portfolio significantly. Finally, my tax burden would be less over the long term because capital gains from the investments are taxed at a lower rate in the U.S. than regular income. 3. Is the State of Michigan justified in advertising the prize amount as $363 million Explain.